FAQ

COP30 Presidency Channels During Brazil’s Electoral Period

Learn why content related to the activities of the COP30 Presidency has changed

During the electoral period in Brazil, from July 4 to October 25, 2026, the publication of content on the cop30.br website and posts on the COP30 Presidency’s official social media channels are subject to restrictions, in compliance with Law No. 9,504/1997 (Article 73, Section VI) and TSE Resolution No. 23,735/2024.

During this period, only information essential to the fulfillment of the diplomatic, technical, multilateral, and operational responsibilities assumed by the COP30 Presidency before the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will remain available.

Educational, technical, public-interest, and transparency-related content will continue to be accessible. News content that does not strictly fall within these categories will be temporarily unavailable during the electoral period.

Once the electoral restrictions have ended, the content will be restored and the regular publication of new content will resume.

For more information, please contact: comunicacao.presidencia@cop30.br

OTHER FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT COP30

What was COP30?

COP30 was the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the primary international treaty addressing climate change. Adopted at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, the Convention brings together nearly every country in the world. Its Parties meet annually at COPs to assess progress, strengthen international cooperation, and adopt decisions to advance the implementation of the Paris Agreement. Held in Belém, Brazil, COP30 brought together heads of state and government, ministers, negotiators, scientists, private sector representatives, Indigenous Peoples, civil society organizations, and international institutions. While the conference concluded in November 2025, the Brazilian COP30 Presidency continues its mandate until the opening of COP31, supporting the implementation of the conference outcomes and facilitating preparations for the transition to the next Presidency. For a chronological record of announcements, events, and key moments during the conference, visit the COP30 Live Updates Archive.

When and where did COP30 take place?

COP30 took place from November 10–21, 2025, in Belém, in the state of Pará, Brazil. Brazil's presidency of the conference continues until the opening of COP31, when the next host country — Türkiye — assumes the role. For more information about COP31, visit: cop31.tr 

Why did COP30 take place in Brazil?

The conferences rotate annually among five regions: Africa, Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean (GRULAC), and Western Europe and Others. It was GRULAC's turn to nominate the host country for COP30. With the support of other GRULAC countries, Brazil put forward its candidacy, which was accepted by the Parties to the UNFCCC. The host country is responsible for providing the infrastructure needed to hold the conference and assumes the COP Presidency for the corresponding cycle. The Presidency leads the work of the Conference in coordination with the UNFCCC Secretariat and the Parties, working to facilitate dialogue, advance negotiations, and promote broad societal engagement.

Who participated in COP30?

COP30 welcomed 42,600 participants in the Blue Zone, where negotiations took place among heads of state, ministers, diplomats, UN representatives, scientists, business leaders, NGOs, activists, and other members of civil society from more than 190 countries. The Green Zone, open to the public, received over 290,000 visitors.

How was the governance structure for organizing COP30 in Brazil set up?

To make COP30 possible, the Federal Government established temporary bodies with complementary responsibilities for coordinating the conference.

In March 2024, Decree No. 11,955 created the Extraordinary Secretariat for COP30 (Secop), attached to the Chief of Staff of the Presidency of the Republic. Secop was responsible for coordinating, guiding, and monitoring the actions of federal bodies, in collaboration with the Government of the State of Pará and the Municipality of Belém, to ensure the infrastructure, services, and logistics required to hold the conference. The Secretariat was temporary in nature and concluded its activities on June 30, 2026.

In March 2025, Decree No. 12,420 established, also on a temporary basis, the COP30 Presidency, attached to the Personal Office of the President of the Republic. Its work focuses on the substantive and diplomatic dimensions of the conference, in coordination with the UNFCCC Secretariat, other United Nations bodies, and the Parties to the Convention. The COP30 Presidency's responsibilities include coordinating the substantive preparations for the conference, leading Brazil's COP Presidency throughout its mandate, steering international negotiations related to the Convention, mobilizing state and non-state actors in support of the conference's objectives, and promoting societal engagement in initiatives aimed at implementing climate action. Under Decree No. 12,420, the COP30 Presidency's temporary structure will remain in operation until December 1, 2026, covering the preparation, hosting, and conclusion of the COP30 Presidency cycle.

What decisions were made at COP30?

COP30 concluded with the adoption, by consensus, of 56 decisions by the 194 Parties to the UNFCCC, of which 24 form the Belém Political Package. Together, these decisions guide the implementation of the Paris Agreement and the next steps in international cooperation to address climate change. Learn more here.

The COP30 Presidency also committed to preparing two documents based on contributions from Parties and non-Party stakeholders, to be presented ahead of COP31: the COP30 Presidency Roadmap for Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels in Energy Systems, in a just, orderly and equitable manner, accelerating action in this critical decade, so as to achieve net zero by 2050 in keeping with the science, and the COP30 Presidency Roadmap for Halting and Reversing Deforestation and Forest Degradation by 2030.

How do COP30's decisions affect people's daily lives?

The decisions adopted at COP30 guide international cooperation on climate change and serve as a reference for public policies, investments, and actions implemented by countries under the UNFCCC. The issues addressed during the conference include adaptation to climate change, just transition, climate finance, trade, development and technology transfer, gender, and inclusion, among others. The approved decisions aim to support the implementation of the Paris Agreement and strengthen countries' capacity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and respond to the impacts of climate change. Because of its focus on implementing commitments that had already been made, COP30 was frequently associated with the mobilization and action of all sectors of society, marking the beginning of a new phase in climate diplomacy.

How does COP30 relate to previous climate negotiations?

COP30 built on the Paris Agreement, adopted at COP21, as well as the discussions and decisions of previous COPs. The goals of limiting the increase in global temperature to 1.5°C and advancing climate finance commitments were central topics for tracking progress on decisions made since COP29 and accelerating future climate action

What sustainability measures were adopted for COP30?

COP30 in Belém incorporated a set of measures focused on sustainable event management, including actions related to greenhouse gas emissions management, resource efficiency, waste management, and the promotion of recycling and material reuse. As part of this effort, COP30 implemented an Event Sustainability Management System and obtained ABNT NBR ISO 20121:2024 certification. The certification recognizes that the management system meets the requirements established by the standard, covering aspects such as governance, planning, execution, monitoring, transparency, and continuous improvement.

CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS EXPLAINED

What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?

The UNFCCC is an international treaty opened for signature in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, during the Earth Summit, and entered into force in 1994. Its primary objective is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations "at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) interference with the climate system." This stabilization should occur within a timeframe sufficient to allow "ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened, and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner."

One of the UNFCCC's core principles is that of "common but differentiated responsibilities," under which developed countries — given their historical and current contributions to global warming and their greater financial and technological capacity — should take the lead in implementing ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets and providing financial and technological support to developing nations. Developing countries, in turn, are expected to contribute to addressing climate change in a manner consistent with the imperative of economic and social development and the eradication of poverty, as recognized by the Convention.

What is the Paris Agreement?

The Paris Agreement is a global treaty adopted in December 2015 by the signatory countries to the UNFCCC at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21). It governs measures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from 2020 onward, with the goals of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change and enhancing countries' capacity to deal with its impacts.

Under the Agreement, governments committed to taking action to keep the global average temperature rise "well below" 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C. To this end, countries submitted comprehensive national action plans to reduce their emissions through their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

What is the COPs' Action Agenda?

The Action Agenda consists of voluntary commitments that complement formal agreements and may include measures such as economic decarbonization, investment in renewable energy, and climate adaptation. The Action Agenda mobilizes not only governments, but also businesses, cities, and civil society organizations to implement concrete solutions for addressing climate change. Learn more here.

What are NDCs?

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are the climate plans submitted by each country under the Paris Agreement. They set out the actions countries intend to take to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Under the Paris Agreement, NDCs must be updated periodically. With each new iteration, countries are expected to present progressively more ambitious commitments reflecting new advances in climate action implementation. The third round of these contributions, known as NDCs 3.0, seeks to align national efforts with the goals of the Paris Agreement, including limiting the global average temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. NDCs submitted by countries can be accessed through the NDC Registry, maintained by the UNFCCC: https://unfccc.int/NDCREG

What are NAPs?

National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) set out how each country will adapt to climate change. They enable national and subnational governments to prepare for and protect people, livelihoods, infrastructure, economies, and ecosystems, and are grounded in the specific climate risks and challenges each country faces. The NAP Implementation Alliance, launched during COP30, aims to close the gap between planning and implementation through global collaboration — connecting developing countries with funding sources and engaging the private financial sector in the adaptation agenda.

Still have questions?

Get in touch with us at: comunicacao.presidencia@cop30.br 
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